Digital Technologies and Student Mental Health: Risks of Social Media and the Promise of Virtual Reality and Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response Interventions
Abueva et al., 2025
Objective:
To investigate the relationship between social media and student mental health. To test the effectiveness of digital interventions (specifically VR meditations and ASMR videos) in reducing anxiety and stress.
Key findings:
More intensive use of social media correlates with higher anxiety, more stress, and lower self-confidence. VR and ASMR can significantly reduce anxiety, with VR showing the stronger effect. Social media can both increase anxiety and serve as a source of emotional support.
Hooked on a Feeling: Psychological and Physiological Responses to Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response Triggers
Bollinger et al., 2025
Objective:
To investigate preferences for specific ASMR triggers in terms of their physiological responses.
Key findings:
The results show that all videos elicited significant subjective relaxation and reduced heart rate, while galvanic skin response varied greatly. These patterns suggest that although ASMR generally elicits positive physiological responses such as relaxation, certain triggers can also activate more alertness or arousal.
Beyond the Tingle: Exploring Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) Role in Mindfulness and Relaxation Among Hong Kong University Students
Chung & Mo, 2025
Objective:
This study examines the influence of ASMR videos on mindfulness among students in Hong Kong.
Key findings:
The results reveal a significant increase in mindfulness after watching ASMR videos. Students report a positive experience. The level of mindfulness increases with the duration of viewing.
The Proximity Prediction Hypothesis: How predictive coding of CTtouch explains Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response and its therapeutic applications
Flockton et al., 2025
Objective:
Theoretical explanation of ASMR via the Proximity Prediction Hypothesis, based on predictive processing of CT-affective touch, and derivation of therapeutic implications.
Key findings:
ASMR is interpreted as the result of low-error predictions of social proximity; the model consistently explains typical ASMR triggers and supports the potential of ASMR for anxiety, stress, and pain-related interventions.
The effect of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) messages on consumer brand perceptions and intentions
Gotsch & Gasser, 2025
Objective:
To investigate how ASMR-based advertising messages influence brand perception and purchase intention.
Key findings:
ASMR messages improve brand evaluation, perceived closeness, and purchase intention, especially among ASMR-affine consumers.
Do whispering minds tingle alike? Exploring the relationship between ASMR sensitivity, trait ASMR, and trigger preference
Greer et al., 2025
Objective:
To analyze the relationship between ASMR sensitivity, trait ASMR, and individual trigger preferences.
Key findings:
ASMR sensitivity is a stable personality trait that is systematically related to preferred triggers; significant interindividual differences confirm ASMR as a heterogeneous phenomenon.
The emotional experience of ASMR as a social phenomenon
Grothe-Hammer, 2025
Main objective:
Analysis of ASMR as a social and emotional phenomenon beyond individual sensory responses.
Results:
ASMR generates feelings of social closeness, care, and intimacy and functions as a digitally mediated substitute for social interaction; the experience is culturally and socially embedded.
More relaxing than nature? The impact of ASMR content on psychological and physiological measures of parasympathetic activity
Hozaki et al., 2025
Objective:
To compare the relaxing effects of ASMR content with nature stimuli using psychological and physiological markers of parasympathetic activity.
Key findings:
ASMR increased subjective relaxation and parasympathetic activity (e.g., heart rate variability) more strongly or at least comparably to nature stimuli; effects were particularly pronounced in ASMR-sensitive individuals.
An exploratory study on the regulatory effect of autonomous sensory meridian response on anxiety: evidence from functional near-infrared brain imaging technology
Jiang et al., 2025
Objective:
Exploratory investigation of the anxiety-regulating effect of ASMR using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
Key findings:
ASMR reduced subjective anxiety and altered the activity of prefrontal brain areas associated with emotion regulation; the findings provide neurophysiological evidence for an anxiolytic effect of ASMR.
Tingle-Eliciting Audiovisual Properties of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) Videos
Jones et al., 2025
Objective:
Isolation of specific tingle-eliciting features by comparing tingle reports for ASMR video clips from ASMR-sensitive individuals and control subjects.
Key findings:
The presence of certain features in synchronized and desynchronized videos elicited subjective ASMR experiences. Videos featuring simultaneous object manipulation and vocal sounds were most effective. Exploratory analyses suggest a role for viewer-directed attention.
Exploring neural idiosyncrasies in response to autonomous sensory meridian response videos: naturalistic functional magnetic resonance imaging study of stress and sensory processing
Lee et al., 2025
Objective:
The study examines whether ASMR videos in a naturalistic context show consistent neural synchrony in stress-related brain regions. Furthermore, addresses the question of whether individual differences in subjective stress perception predict variability in neural response.
Key findings:
There is no clear evidence that ASMR videos interact permanently with stress-related networks or predict neural synchrony. These results emphasize the wide variability in individual ASMR responses. Further multimodal measurement methods are needed to isolate the individual components of ASMR.
Testing mechanisms in ASMR persuasion: Advertising consumers' resistance- overcoming sensory satisfaction.
Lee & Johnsohn, 2025
Objectives:
The study developed the "Resistance-Overcoming Sensory Satisfaction Model" (ACROSS) for the commercial advertising context to identify the psychological mechanisms in which ASMR advertising contributes to purchasing decisions.
Key findings:
Results show that sensory modalities of ASMR—especially auditory stimulation— reinforce entertainment-based psychological processes (voice credibility, sensory gratification, interest, transportation, parasocial interaction, identification, endorser liking). These entertainment-related factors, in turn, weaken message resistance factors (reactance, counterarguing, intrusiveness), leading to more positive attitudes and behavioral intentions among consumers.
Exploring how autonomous sensory meridian response enhances pjygital fashion retail experiences
Lin et al., 2025
Objective:
The study examined the potential of using ASMR in the fashion market to emphasize tactile stimuli online.
Key findings:
ASMR content reaches all dimensions of the online shopping experience and improves product and brand perception.
Enhancing Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response through personalized triggers in virtual reality
Ling, 2025
Objective:
The study examines the effectiveness of personalized ASMR triggers in intensifying the VR experience.
Key findings:
Personalized triggers slightly improve the intensity of the "tingling" sensation, onset time, duration, and pleasantness. Customers preferred the personalized triggers.
Affective touch sensitivity shapes tingling intensity in autonomous sensory meridian response experiences
Liu & Kondo, 2025
Objective:
The focus is on sensory mechanisms (especially affective touch sensitivity and interoceptive accuracy) that underlie individual differences in ASMR.
Key findings:
There were significant positive associations between tickling sensation and affective touch sensitivity. A stroking speed of 3-9 cm/s was found. This sensitivity also significantly predicts the ASMR tickling sensation.
Autonomous sensory meridian response: A PRSIMA-guided systematic review
Lohaus et al., 2025
Objective:
The article evaluates the current state of research on ASMR.
Key findings:
ASMR is associated with many psychological variables and personality traits. ASMR has also been associated with a different EEG pattern, activation in specific brain areas ( ) and atypical functional connectivity, as well as physiological changes.
An experimental EEG study of brain activities underlying the autonomous sensory meridian response
Mohammadi et al., 2025
Objective:
The study aims to investigate the neurological basis of the "tingling" sensation in ASMR.
Key findings:
The delta band decreased in all brain regions and the alpha band increased in the occipital lobe. Furthermore, more beta oscillations were found in the left fronto- temporal region. These patterns were not found in the group of ASMR non- responders.
Understanding the mechanisms and benefits of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) consumption: a systematic review
Ortega-Balderas et al., 2025
Objective:
The aim is to summarize ASMR interventions and examine objective parameters and potential benefits.
Key findings:
Studies suggest specific MRI and EEG components in ASMR. The inconsistency of ASMR interventions, control designs, the variety of questionnaires, the lack of ethnic diversity, and the mostly subjective self-reports make the review extremely heterogeneous. This has an impact on the generalizability of the neurological components.
Effects of ASMR on mental fatigue recovery revealed by EEG power and brain network analysis
Si et al., 2025
Objective:
This study investigates whether ASMR is effective in reducing mental fatigue.
Key findings:
Reaction times were significantly reduced. At the neural level, changes in the theta band were observed in the EEG.
Evaluation of progressive muscle relaxation and autonomous sensory meridian response in alleviating dental anxiety in children aged 7-11 years: A randomized controlled trial
Tanna et al., 2025
Objective:
The effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation and ASMR was compared with conventional behavior guidance techniques for treating dental anxiety in children during local anesthesia.
Key findings:
PMR and ASMR led to a significant reduction in blood pressure during local anesthesia. PMR also significantly reduced the Visual Facial Anxiety score after the intervention, while ASMR did so already at the time of injection.
Neurophysiological and cognitive enhancements in autonomous sensory meridian response identified using heart rate variability and electroencephalography connectivity
Wang et al., 2025
Objective:
The objective physiological ASMR response in the brain and body is analyzed.
Key findings:
ASMR has a significant positive effect on cognitive performance and concentration. EEG analyses show mainly beta and gamma activity. Responders and non- responders can be distinguished.
A novel perspective on green advertising: The interactive effect of message framing and advertising type on consumer’s green purchase intention
Zhao et al., 2025
Objective:
This study explores how the sensory format of green advertising (ASMR vs. non- ASMR) affects the effectiveness of framing (positive vs. negative) on consumers' purchase intentions. It also examines the mediating roles of advertising recall and emotional responses.
Key findings:
The study shows that overly comforting sensory cues from ASMR can dilute the motivational potency of fear appeals. Furthermore, comfort can be used as a new mechanism to make framing more effective. In addition, the study emphasizes the strategic fit of the sensory format and the framing approach in order to maximize effectiveness.
Eating Point-of-View in ASMR Videos Alters Motivational Outcomes
Bailey et al., 2024
Objective:
The study examines whether certain characteristics of food-related ASMR videos are perceived more positively than others.
Key findings:
First-person videos featuring high-calorie foods elicited the most subjectively positive responses.
Enhancing Deep Sleep Induction Through a Wireless In-Ear EEG Device Delivering Binaural Beats and ASMR: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Hestermann et al., 2024
Objective:
To test whether ASMR combined with binaural beats via a wireless in-ear EEG system improves the induction of deep sleep.
Key findings:
Proof-of-concept data show accelerated deep sleep induction and improved sleep- related EEG markers; results are promising but preliminary due to small sample size.
Research Priorities for Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response: An Interdisciplinary Delphi Study
Hostler et al., 2024
Objective:
Identification of key research priorities for ASMR using an interdisciplinary Delphi method.
Key findings:
Consensus on priority topics such as valid measurement instruments, neurobiological mechanisms, individual differences, clinical applications, and ethical aspects; clear agenda for future ASMR research.
Why am I obsessed with watching mukband ASMR? The roles of mediated voyeurism and intertemporal choice
Jiang et al., 2024
Objective:
To explain the intensive use of mukbang ASMR through the concepts of medially mediated voyeurism and intertemporal decision-making.
Key findings:
Mukbang ASMR appeals to voyeuristic motives and promotes short-term reward- oriented decisions; these mechanisms explain increased intensity of use and potentially habitualized consumption behavior.
The effects of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) on modality, mood, and mindfulness (3Ms).
Kim & Lee, 2024
Objective:
The focus is on investigating in more detail how the individual elements of ASMR influence psychological responses. A multimodal and a unimodal condition separated auditory and visual elements from each other.
Key findings:
Multimodal videos lead to greater absorption than unimodal videos. Absorption mediates the relationship between multimodal videos and mood and momentary mindfulness relative to unimodal videos.
Effects of Breathing-Relaxation Training Plus Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response on Mood and Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Mild Depression
Kim & Park, 2024
Objective:
The researchers wanted to find out to what extent ASMR is effective as a complementary treatment for depression. They investigated the effects of breathing relaxation training with ASMR exposure on mood and depressive symptoms in patients with mild depression.
Key findings:
No significant effects were found between the two groups at baseline. After 8 training sessions, the experimental group with ASMR achieved a significant improvement in mood and depressive symptoms compared to the control group. ASMR could be a useful complementary treatment.
"Be mindful of your tingles, anakin": Exploring the link between autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) and mindfulness
Leslie et al., 2024
Objective:
The aim was to validate previous links between ASMR and mindfulness by focusing on objective reports of ASMR experiences versus traditional self-reports. In addition, the relationship between ASMR and personality traits and the LGBTQ+ community was investigated.
Key findings:
Analyses imply that ASMR-sensitive individuals were more likely to experience mindfulness. The results also showed significant correlations between ASMR and negative emotionality, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. In addition, individuals who identified as LGBTQ+ had significantly higher scores on the ASMR-15 than those who identified as cisgender or heterosexual.
Autonomous sensory meridian response as a physically felt signature of positive and negative emotions
Leung & Romano, 2024
Objective:
ASMR has primarily been studied in the context of relaxation. This study examines whether other emotions are also possible in which ASMR can be experienced. ASMR would then be considered an amplifier for the previous emotion, and not exclusively for positive emotions.
Key findings:
ASMR occurred in all emotional priming conditions. ASMR occurs in both positive and negative emotional situations. Therapies using ASMR should therefore carefully select stimuli.
The effect of audio trigger’s frequency on autonomous sensory meridian response
Li et al., 2024
Objective:
Various auditory frequency characteristics that characterize the effect of ASMR are analyzed using EEG.
Key findings:
Audio frequency can modulate brain activity (in theta, alpha, beta, gamma, and high gamma frequencies). There appears to be a general higher sensitivity to low- frequency stimuli and white noise when brain activity in gamma and higher gamma frequencies is suppressed. ASMR through low frequencies may involve more attention selection and semantic processing – and not affect information processing and execution.
Brain circuits in autonomous sensory meridian response and related phenomena
Lin & Kondo, 2024
Objective:
To investigate the neural basis and comorbidities of ASMR and related phenomena involving altered sensory processing. These include sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), synesthesia, Alice in Wonderland syndrome, and misophonia.
Key findings:
ASMR is a distinct phenomenon and has its own attention mechanism and connection to emotion regulation. Increased activation in the insula and reduced connectivity in the default mode network are typical of ASMR responders.
Personality-related characteristics of artists creating autonomous sensory meridian response videos and their role in evoking ASMR sensation in others
Lohaus et al., 2024
Objective:
The personality of ASMR video creators and their ability to trigger ASMR responses were investigated.
Key findings:
The number of subscribers to the YouTubers did not play a role in the generation of ASMR triggers, but the perception of the YouTuber as likable, relaxed, approachable, and empathetic did. ASMR YouTubers seem to differ systematically from other YouTubers and students.
Autonomous sensory meridian response and the functions of consciousness
Ludwig & Khalidi, 2024
Objective:
The authors want to highlight the important role of ASMR in cognitive science.
Key findings:
ASMR has a robust causal profile and presumably an adaptive evolutionary background. Understanding ASMR may help in understanding other cognitive phenomena such as consciousness.
Differences between autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) and biophilia: A pilot study
Mahady et al., 2024
Objective:
Biophilia describes the concept that humans are automatically drawn to nature. Both biophilia and ASMR have elicited similar physiological and emotional responses in past studies. This phenomenon warrants further investigation.
Key findings:
ASMR was more sensory stimulating and exciting, while biophilic stimuli were perceived as more relaxing. People with an ASMR preference rated biophilia as less intense, while people with a biophilia preference found ASMR too intense. These results support the theory that ASMR is related to the flow state.
Misophonia reactions in the general population are correlated with strong emotional reactions to other everyday sensory-emotional experiences
Mednicoff et al., 2024
Objective:
The subject of the study is the extent of misophonia in adults in response to various audio-visual emotional stimuli. Particular attention is paid to the role of musicality.
Key findings:
Misophonic reactions were predicted by reactions to ASMR videos. The frequency with which individuals showed emotional responses varied similarly in positive and negative emotional contexts. Musicality showed no relationship to misophonia.
Therapeutic effects of autonomic sensory meridian response in orthodontic practice: enhancing patient comfort and well-being
Roy et al., 2024
Objective:
The review examines the therapeutic potential of ASMR in dentistry. It investigates physiological and psychological benefits, the neuroscientific basis, and the effect on comfort and dental anxiety.
Key findings:
ASMR leads to a slowing of the heart rate, improved mood, and reduced stress in clinical and non-clinical populations. FMRT studies show that brain activation occurs in regions associated with reward and emotional processing.
Exploring the technological dimension of autonomous sensory meridian response-induced physiological responses
Seifzadeh & Kostek, 2024
Objective:
The article aims to provide an overview of technical contributions to research on ASMR mechanisms.
Key findings:
Many studies use EEG and other physiological measurement methods to investigate ASMR effects. EEG studies show a distinctive pattern of brain activity during ASMR, particularly in regions of emotional processing and sensory integration. Physiological measurements show a decrease in heart rate and an increase in skin conductance and pupil diameter, which indicate relaxation.
Exploring the correlates and nature of subjective anomalous interactions with objects (psychometry): a mixed methods survey
Simmonds-Moore, 2024
Objective:
The study explores how synesthesia and ASMR correlate with a range of unusual experiences (psychometry).
Key findings:
People who experienced psychometry scored higher on ASMR tests than people who did not experience psychometry. However, synesthesia was not significantly correlated with psychometry. Both ASMR and synesthesia were associated with tendencies toward unusual experiences. Analyses isolated 5 themes: flash of imagery, lived feeling and intense emotions, noesis, and perspective taking/empathy.
Predicting tingling sensations induced by autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) videos based on sound texture statistics: a comparison to pleasant feelings
Terashima et al., 2024
Objective:
The researchers investigate how the "tingling sensation" in ASMR videos relates to acoustic properties.
Key findings:
The "tingling sensation" is predicted in particular by frequencies close to 5 kHz from 1500 to 750 ms before the reaction.
It's a pattern of time: exploring flow experience in autonomous sensory meridian response videos
Wang, 2024
Objective:
Non-interpersonal triggers in ASMR videos and their influence on subjective flow experience were investigated.
Key findings:
Videos that are perceived as particularly perceptually fluid and coherent are more likely to predict flow experience.
Cognitive and Neurophysiological Impact of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response: Heart Rate Variability-Guided Responder Classification
Wang et al., 2024
Objective:
The study examines the effects of ASMR on cognitive functions and neuropsychological changes and the objective distinction between ASMR responders and non-responders using heart rate variability.
Key findings:
ASMR leads to faster and better performance in memory tests. EEG analysis shows increased activity during resting-state functional connectivity and increased parasympathetic activity indicators. ASMR may improve executive functions and memory retrieval.
Autonomous sensory meridian response in service experience: an exploratory study
Zlateva et al., 2024
Objective:
This study examines the effect of six ASMR triggers on the customer service experience in six settings with different interaction conditions for participants.
Key findings:
The ASMR effect depends on the context. ASMR exposure increases the likelihood of repeat purchases. ASMR exposure also improves the customer experience in intense and long contact situations, but worsens it in shorter and low-threshold situations. This means that the effect of ASMR varies depending on the contact condition.
Broadbridge et al., 2023
Main aim
This article combines digital literature research and automated text analysis to find out how ASMR sources influence user behavior on YouTube.
Systematic Literature Review of Therapeutic Use of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) and Short-Term ASMR Auditory Training Trial.
Cueblo, 2023
Main aim
To evaluate the therapeutic potential of ASMR (especially for stress and anxiety reduction) and to examine the short-term effectiveness of ASMR auditory training.
Result
The literature shows predominantly positive effects on relaxation, mood, and stress; short-term auditory training led to measurable, short-term improvements in relaxation, with limited evidence and a need for further research.
Determining autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) effect on advertising effectiveness by using content analysis.
Danisman, 2023
Main aim
To investigate how ASMR elements in advertising influence advertising effectiveness.
Result
ASMR increases attention, emotional engagement, and recall of advertising, thereby significantly increasing advertising effectiveness.
The Effect of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) Relaxation on Anxiety in Teenagers
Firmansyah et al., 2023
Main aim
To investigate the effect of ASMR-based relaxation on anxiety levels in adolescents.
Result
ASMR interventions led to a significant reduction in anxiety and increased subjective relaxation compared to baseline levels.
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) Use in College Students
Gautam et al., 2023
Main aim
To assess the use, motives, and subjective effects of ASMR among students.
Result
ASMR is often used for stress reduction, relaxation, and sleep improvement; regular users report positive emotional effects, with high interindividual variability in ASMR response.
Effects of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) on mental health
Higueras et al., 2023
Main aim
To investigate the effects of ASMR on mental health.
Result
ASMR is associated with reduced symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as improved emotional regulation; the evidence is preliminary and indicates a need for further research.
Stepping inside the whispers and tingles: multisensory virtual reality for enhanced relaxation and wellbeing
Kaleva & Riches, 2023
Main aim
The ASMR effects on relaxation and mindfulness are discussed. The therapeutic potential of ASMR on subjective well-being is a particular focus here.
Result
Numerous studies illustrate the therapeutic potential of ASMR. However, the great need for further ASMR-related research is emphasized, especially in specific clinical and more diverse demographic samples.
Structural differences in the cortex of individuals who experience the autonomous sensory meridian response
Kornelsen et al., 2023
Main aim
Previous research using fMRI has shown that ASMR reactivity is associated with medial prefrontal and sensorimotor brain areas. The aim now is to investigate whether there are also structural abnormalities in the cortices of ASMR-sensitive individuals compared to non-sensitive individuals.
Result
ASMR reactivity is associated with reduced cortical thickness in numerous regions, including the left precuneus, precentral gyrus, insula, right orbitofrontal cortex, superior frontal cortex, and paracentral lobe. Reduced thickness was also found bilaterally in the supramarginal gyrus. People with ASMR sensitivity showed less cortical complexity in the opercular and triangular parts of the frontal lobe. Consequently, many functionally different areas, e.g., for phonological processing, sensorimotor function, and attention, are structurally different.
The impact of mukbang live streaming commerce on consumer’s overconsumption behavior
Lee & Wan, 2023
Main aim
The researchers investigate the influence of ASMR videos with food content on consumer behavior. In three studies, the influence of the videos, influencers in the videos, and channel factors are linked to subjective value attribution, impulse purchases, and consumer behavior with regard to food.
Result
Non-ASMR videos in which influencers talk to the audience and eat normal (non- junk) food have a greater influence on the subjective value of the video and increase impulse purchases and food consumption. Credible and parasocial influencers have a significant influence on the perception of the video, regardless of the food content. Channel and influencer factors have a greater influence on consumer’s pruchasing decisions.
Attention and purchase intention of sounding advertisements – A study on autonomous sensory meridian response of towel sound
Liang & Li, 2023
Main aim
The effect of ASMR in audio commercials is investigated.
Result
ASMR led to significantly stronger skin conductance and brain wave activity in the left anterior frontal cortex. This would specifically direct the consumer's attention.
What is autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR)? A narrative review and comparative analysis of related phenomena
Mahady et al., 2023
Objective:
This is a narrative review of ASMR, comparing other sensory phenomena such as frisson, synesthesia, and misophonia.
Key findings:
ASMR is a distinct phenomenon that is being researched more and more intensively. Studies have become more formalized. However, critical questions remain unaddressed, such as expectation and placebo effects.
From the outside in: ASMR is characterized by reduced interoceptive accuracy but higher sensation seeking
Poerio et al., 2023
Objective:
ASMR sensitivity is not universally prevalent, affecting around 20% of people, and is attributed to atypical multisensory perception – both interoceptive and exteroceptive. The study investigates whether this perceptual accuracy differs between ASMR- sensitive and non-sensitive people.
Key findings:
ASMR responders have lower interoceptive accuracy but a greater tendency toward sensation seeking, especially in the tactile, olfactory, and gustatory modalities. This could represent a compensatory mechanism for deficient interoception.
From touch to tingles: Assessing ASMR triggers and their consistency over time with the ASMR Trigger Checklist (ATC)
Poerio et al., 2023
Objective:
The paper presents a new questionnaire designed to identify relevant triggers for ASMR – the ASMR Trigger Checklist (ATC) with 37 items.
Key findings:
24 of the 37 items were highlighted by 75% of testers and could therefore be considered prototypical triggers. After 5 months, a high consistency of responses was found (84% unchanged).
The relaxation effect of autonomous sensory meridian response depends on personal preference
Sakurai et al., 2023
Objective:
Researchers investigate the neurological basis for the relaxing effects of ASMR videos that match the individual preferences of the test subjects.
Key findings:
Emotion-related areas (amygdala, frontal cortex, insula) were not activated in the control group. They were only activated when watching individually preferred ASMR videos.
Brain function effects of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) video viewing
Sakurai et al., 2023
Objective:
This study attempts to investigate the differences between the effects of direct audiovisual and auditory stimulation at the neural level.
Key findings:
Significant activation was found in the visual cortex for audiovisual stimuli and in the visual and auditory cortex for auditory stimuli. Specifically, the medial frontal gyrus and left nucleus accumbens were found for audiovisual stimuli. For auditory stimuli, activation was found in the bilateral insular cortices. There was no difference between a "relaxed" or "tingling" state.
Relax your fear – the role of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) in green advertising
Suci et al., 2023
Objective:
The study examined the effectiveness of pairing ASMR content with negative green commercials.
Key findings:
Young adults' anxiety decreases after ASMR exposure to negative environmental content. This effect is stronger in men than in women. There are no direct or indirect effects of low anxiety on green purchasing intentions.
Understanding the structural components behind the psychological effects of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) with machine learning and experimental methods
Tan et al., 2023
Objective:
Machine learning will be used to categorize ASMR videos based on their sound characteristics.
Caresses, whispers, and affective faces: A theoretical framework for a multimodal interoceptive mechanism underlying ASMR and affective touch: An evolutionary and developmental perspective for understanding ASMR and affective touch as complementary processes within affiliative interactions
Villena-Gonzalez, 2023
Objective:
The author postulates a theoretical framework for integrating ASMR and affective touch (AT). He emphasizes their common biological basis and positive effects on emotional and psychophysiological regulation.
Key findings:
ASMR results from the development of biological mechanisms associated with self- regulation, similar to AT. Multimodal interoceptive mechanisms underlie both phenomena. Integration of this input occurs in the interoceptive areas of the brain, which enable physiological regulation.
Autonomous sensory meridian response is associated with a larger heartbeat- evoked potential amplitude without differences in interoceptive awareness
Villena-Gonzalez et al., 2023
Objective:
To investigate differences in interoception between people who are exposed to ASMR and those who are not.
Key findings:
The measures of interoception did not differ between the groups. However, the heart amplitude was greater in the ASMR group. The researchers hypothesize that the ASMR response is based on unconscious mechanisms, such as heartbeat.
‘It’s like Taking a Sleeping Pill’: Student Experience of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) to Promote Health and Mental Wellbeing
Woods & Turner-Cobb, 2023
Objective:
The aim is to investigate the use and subjective positive effects of ASMR in a student population.
Key findings:
The frequency of use in the population varied greatly—it increased when mental crises occurred and was mainly used as a distraction or to help fall asleep. ASMR appears to be used flexibly, purposefully, and according to subjective needs.
The EEG Oscillations and Psychology Propensities of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Yu et al., 2023
Objective:
This study investigates the basic mechanisms and emotional effects of ASMR by recording the EEG of participants during visual and auditory conditions typical of ASMR.
Key findings:
The ASMR response in the brain is closely linked to neuroticism and its subdimensions. People who respond strongly to ASMR may have a tendency toward neuroticism and depressive disorders.
Does ASMR propensity reflect a mentally flexible mindset? Exploring the relationship between ASMR propensity, transliminality, emotional contagion, schizotypal traits, roleplaying ability, and creativity
Zielinski-Nicolson et al., 2023
Objective:
The study examines whether mentally flexible cognitive styles form a basis for ASMR sensitivity.
Key findings:
ASMR sensitivity was positively correlated with transliminality, emotional contagion, and positive schizotypal traits. It was also associated with roleplaying ability, but not creativity. Enhanced imagination and perception may better explain ASMR sensitivity than mental flexibility.
ASMR amplifies low frequency and reduces high frequency oscillations
Swart et al., 2022
Main aim
Examining oscillatory changes in EEG triggered by ASMR
Result
ASMR experience may result from high frequency oscillation decreases and low frequency oscillation increases
Body scan meditation enhances the autonomous sensory meridian response to auditory stimuli
Glim et al., 2022
Main aim
Investigating the influence of a body scan meditation on ASMR experience
Result
The ASMR tingling sensation can be enhanced by a prior mindfulness exercise that focuses the attention on the body
Autonomous sensory meridian response help in rehabilitation for people suffering from anxiety, depression and stress – an integrative literature review
Lokesh, 2022
Main aim
The role of ASMR in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and stress is examined.
Result
The effectiveness of ASMR in treatment in highlighted.
Beyong tingles: An exploratory qualitative study oft he Autonomous Sensory Meridian Reponse (ASMR)
Trenholm-Jensen et al., 2022
Main aim
This qualitative exploratory study examined the experiences and subjective significance of ASMR for viewers.
Result
The analyses suggest that ASMR creates a socially comfortable environment rather than an isolated physiological response. Three central themes were the focus of the interviews: 1) What exactly is ASMR and in what contexts is it evoked? 2) The subjective feeling of intimiacy evoked by ASMR. 3) The role of ASMR in emotional self-regulation (self-soothing).
Can a Whisper Boost Recall Of Video Advertisements?: Exploring the Effects of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) in Advertising
Sands et al., 2022
Main aim
Examining the effects of ASMR in advertisements by comparing advertisements with ASMR content to advertisements featuring normal audio content
Result
Compared to normal audio advertisement, ASMR advertisement positively affects recall
“No pain, no gain”: The impact of autonomous sensory meridian response on pain perception
Janik McErlean et al., 2022
Main aim
Investigation of the relationship between ASMR and pain perception
Result
ASMR-responders exhibit higher pain sensitivity compared to controls, but no difference with regard to pain tolerance was shown
Reduction of psychological cravings and anxiety in women compulsorily isolated for detoxification using autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR)
Hu et al., 2022
Main aim
Exploring the effects of ASMR on anxiety and psychological cravings of women being isolated for detoxification
Result
ASMR reduced anxiety and attentional bias for drug-related clues in women isolated for detoxification
Similar but different: High prevalence of synesthesia in autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR)
Poerio et al., 2022
Main aim
Generating more information about the association between ASMR and synesthesia
Result
52% of synesthetes were also ASMR-responders, 22% of ASMR-responders were also synesthetes
Sound Quality Factors Inducing the Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Shimokura, 2022
Main aim
Comparison of whether human-generated sounds or nature-generated sounds trigger more ASMR
Result
Human-generated sounds were more likely to trigger ASMR when being compared to nature-generated sounds
The awesome as well as the awful: Heightened sensory sensitivity predicts the presence and intensity of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR)
Poerio et al., 2022
Main aim
Exploring the relationship between ASMR and sensory sensitivity
Result
Compared to ASMR-non-responders, ASMR-responders have a greater sensory sensitivity
The effects of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) on mood, attention, heart rate, skin conductance and EEG in healthy young adults
Engelbregt et al., 2022
Main aim
Examining the effects of ASMR on mood, attention, heart rate, skin conductance and EEG
Result
ASMR has a positive effect on mood and decreases alpha power in ASMR responders; for all participants, a decrease in heart rate was found
The Effects of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) Videos and ASMR Group on State Anxiety
Jairom, 2022
Main aim
Investigation of the effect of ASMR on state anxiety
Result
ASMR-non-responders had higher state anxiety after being exposed to the ASMR video, for ASMR-responders no difference was revealed
The effects of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) videos on arousal and mood in adults with and without depression and insomnia
Smejka & Wiggs, 2022
Main aim
Examination whether ASMR ameliorates mood and minimizes arousal in participants with depression and/or insomnia symptoms
Result
Compared to the ASMR-non-responders and the ambiguous ASMR-responders, ASMR-responders increased their mood and experienced a decrease in arousal after watching an ASMR video (participants in the combined and depression groups benefited the most)
The Effects of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) Videos Versus Walking Tour Videos on ASMR Experience, Positive Affect and State Relaxation
Lohaus et al., 2022
Main aim
Investigating whether ASMR videos are linked to more positive affect, relaxation, and ASMR experience than comparison videos
Result
For ASMR responders, but not for ASMR non-responders, ASMR videos are associated with more positive affect, relaxation and ASMR experience than comparison videos
The role of anomalous perception in Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Kilborn et al., 2022
Main aim
Determining if a general propensity to experience anomalous sensations can help explaining ASMR experiences
Result
Mixed support was identified regarding the contribution of anomalous perception to ASMR experiences
Tingles down the spinal cord: A spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the autonomous sensory meridian response
Smith et al., 2022
Main aim
Examining the neural substrates of ASMR
Result
During ASMR-related stimuli activity emerged in dorsal (sensory) regions and in ventral (motoric) regions of different spinal cord segments
Touching you, touching me: Higher incidence of mirror-touch synaesthesia and positive (but not negative) reactions to social touch in Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Gillmeister et al., 2022
Main aim
Investigating whether ASMR responders exhibit altered tactile processing in comparison to controls
Result
ASMR responders reported on more intense and frequent vicarious touch experiences and showed greater reactivity to positive interpersonal touch
Transfer of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) to Relationship Marketing: Potential Effects on Perceived Customer Intimacy
Pilny et al., 2022
Main aim
Investigating ASMR within the context of relationship marketing focusing on perceived customer intimacy
Result
ASMR may have the ability to positively influence perceived customer intimacy
University students' Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) experiences in the light of a well-being theory
Chan & Uusiautti, 2022
Main aim
Examining the influence of students’ ASMR experiences on well-being
Result
Watching ASMR videos increased the students' well-being
Untangling the tingle: Investigating the association between the Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR), neuroticism, and trait & state anxiety
Eid et al., 2022
Main aim
Examining the link between ASMR, trait & state anxiety and neuroticism
Result
1) Compared to ASMR-non-responders, ASMR-responders experience more state anxiety and have higher scores with regard to trait anxiety and neuroticism,
2) In ASMR-responders (but not in ASMR-non-responders) state anxiety was reduced after watching an ASMR video
Unusual experiences and their association with metacognition: investigating ASMR and Tulpamancy
Palmer-Cooper et al., 2022
Main aim
Investigating unusual experiences and metacognition in ASMR-responders and Tulpamancy self-reporters
Result
Higher hallucination-proneness for participants experiencing ASMR and identifying as Tulpamancers compared to the other examined groups, but no difference regarding delusion-proneness; Tulpamancers report fewer metacognitive beliefs compared to the other groups
An electroencephalographic examination of the autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR)
Fredborg et al., 2021
Main aim
Examining the neural substrates of ASMR
Result
Alpha wave activity, gamma wave activity and sensorimotor rhythm increased for ASMR-responders (compared to ASMR-non-responders)
ASMR as Idiosyncratic Experience: Experimental Evidence
Pedrini et al., 2021
Main aim
Examining the neurophysiology of ASMR (pupil diameter and brain activity)
Result
Lower arousal level in the ASMR video condition compared to the other conditions; increased pupillary diameter unrelated to the subjective experience of tingles during ASMR video condition
ASMR-Experience Questionnaire (AEQ): A data-driven step towards accurately classifying ASMR responders
Swart et al., 2021
Main aim
Approach to classify ASMR responders with the help of the ASMR-Experience Questionnaire (AEQ)
Result
Five groupings were identified after participants filled out the AEQ questionnaire (ASMR-Strong, ASMR-Weak, Control+, Control-, False-Positive)
Audio-Visual Model for Generating Eating Sounds Using Food ASMR Videos
Uchiyama & Kawamoto, 2021
Main aim
Generating artificial food eating sounds that are indistinguishable from real food eating sounds
Result
It was possible to create artificial eating sounds realistic enough to make participants think that they are real
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response and the Disability Resource Center: An Exploratory Review of Student Perceptions
Lee, 2021
Main aim
Surveying ASMR experiences and whether / how a Disability Resource Center can help people who experience ASMR
Result
40.16 percent of participants experience ASMR, it remains unclear how the Disability Resource Center can help people with ASMR
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response self-reporters showed higher scores for cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy
Morales et al., 2021
Main aim
Uncovering differences between ASMR-responders and ASMR-non-responders with regard to emotion regulation strategies
Result
With regard to emotion regulation strategies, for ASMR-responders higher cognitive reappraisal scores were revealed compared to ASMR-non-responders
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response: Individual Differences and Consciousness Correlates
Roberts et al., 2021
Main aim
1) Analyzing the association between ASMR and alterations in consciousness (including mindfulness),
2) validation of the ASMR-15 questionnaire
Result
1) ASMR is linked to altered consciousness, but not to mindfulness,
2) as a measure of ASMR propensity, the ASMR-15 displays decent reliability and validity
Cortical activation changes associated with autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR): Initial case report
Seifzadeh et al., 2021
Main aim
Identifying the impact of ASMR on EEG band power in a single case study
Result
In general, delta band power was reduced (pre versus post ASMR video stimulation) but no differences with regard to theta band power emerged, furthermore more specific changes in different brain regions were revealed
Dark, loud, and compact sounds induce frisson
Koumura et al., 2021
Main aim
1) Testing the individual consistency of frisson (study 1),
2) trying to uncover a link between frisson experience and acoustic features of auditory stimuli (study 2)
Result
1) frisson experience shows a high reliability within a participant,
2) frisson is triggered by proximal sounds featuring compact, dark timbre
Effect of watching autonomous sensory meridian response (AMR) video to heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate in students of architectural engineering, universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Idayati et al., 2021
Main aim
Determining the effects of watching an ASMR video on blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate
Result
Significant decreases with respect to heart rate and blood pressure but not respiratory rate were observed pre-post
Improving mindful attention awareness among Saudi nursing students through autonomous sensory meridian response stimulation
Maniago et al., 2021
Main aim
Determining the effect of three different ASMR interventions on mindful attention awareness
Result
The whispering group and auditory group achieved a greater improvement in mindful attention awareness compared to the personal attention group
Induction of Relaxation by Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Sakurai et al., 2021
Main aim
Gaining information on different brain activation (using fMRI) and subjective mood / somatosensation regarding ASMR and classical music stimuli
Result
1) No difference was observed between ASMR and classical music in terms of comfort related mood, but ASMR was associated with higher tingle related mood scores,
2) with regard to brain activity ASMR was associated with more activity in general, especially in the medial prefrontal cortex
Influence of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response on Relaxation States: An Experimental Study
Yusaira & Bennett, 2021
Main aim
Assessing the influence of an ASMR video compared to a control video on relaxation states and stress states
Result
Compared to the control group, the ASMR group shows an increase in sleepiness, but on the other hand a decrease in joy, love & thankfulness and prayerfulness - all other outcomes do not differ between the groups
Storyscaping in fashion brand using commitment and nostalgia based on ASMR marketing
Chae et al., 2021
Main aim
Designing a model offering indications how exposure to ASMR advertising might lead to actual purchasing behaviour
Result
Only about half of the assumed influences in the model are confirmed (ASMR-related commitment influences nostalgia, but nostalgia does mostly not influence brand equity and brand equity mostly does not fully influence behaviour)
A mixed-methods examination of autonomous sensory meridian response: Comparison to frisson
Roberts et al., 2020
Main aim
1. Investigating the relationship between ASMR and frisson;
2. Examining whether an ASMR questionnaire (ASMR-15) predicts ASMR rating in relation to specific videos
No link between ASMR and frisson, ASMR-15 predicts ASMR video ratings
A Study on the Human Body Response to the Sound Stepping on Fallen Leaves in ASMR
Ahn, 2020
Main aim
Sound analysis and effect of a particular ASMR trigger on opinions / feeling and physiological measures
Result
Blood pressure and pulse were normalized after listening to specific ASMR sound (fallen leaves), ASMR sounds were associated with a cool and refreshing feeling
A Study on the Influence of Watching Youtube Sound Content (ASMR) on Youth Learning and Life
Jeong, 2020
Main aim
Examining high school students' ASMR usage behavior
(1. Figuring out how often and why ASMR is watched, 2. which feelings ASMR is associated with, 3. what the impact of ASMR is on everyday life)
Result
ASMR is frequently watched (less than 5 percent never watched ASMR); mostly it is used for studying, sleeping and while eating; feelings especially chosen after watching ASMR are "no difference", "mind peace" and "bored"; with regard to positive impact "psychological stability" and "good for studying" were especially chosen
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response: Sensitivity and Personality Correlates
Roberts et al., 2020
Main aim
1) Analyzing the association between ASMR and personality correlates,
2) validation of the ASMR-15 questionnaire
Result
1) ASMR was linked to higher openness and sensory processing sensitivity scores and to lower conscientiousness scores,
2) the factor structure of the ASMR-15 could be replicated
Effects of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response on the Functional Connectivity as Measured by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Lee et al., 2020
Main aim
Evaluating the effects of ASMR on functional connectivity
Result
Many connections within different networks were greater during ASMR video stimulation (connections between posterior cingulate cortex and superior temporal gyrus, between pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex and between right posterior insular cortex and cuneus)
Functional connectivity associated with five different categories of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) triggers
Smith et al., 2020
Main aim
Investigating whether the variation in functional connectivity found in ASMR-responders differs depending on which trigger is used
Result
Unique patterns of functional connectivity were identified for the different ASMR triggers used
Increased absorption in autonomous sensory meridian response
Janik McErlean & Osborne-Ford, 2020
Main aim
Evaluating the difference in absorption, mindfulness and flow levels between ASMR-responders and controls
Result
Higher absorption levels in ASMR-responders compared to controls, no differences with regard to mindfulness or flow
Individuals Who Experience Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response Have Higher Levels of Sensory Suggestibility
Keizer et al., 2020
Main aim
Examining the difference between ASMR-responders and ASMR-non-responders with respect to sensory suggestibility
Result
ASMR-responders compared to ASMR-non-responders display higher sensory suggestibility scores
Proximal Binaural Sound Can Induce Subjective Frisson
Honda et al., 2020
Main aim
Trying to induce frisson (being associated with ASMR) via ASMR typical sounds that are either presented static or moving around the head of the participant
Result
Frisson is experienced more when auditory stimuli are moving around the head instead of being presented without movement (regardless of the presented sound), no correlation between subjective frisson and impulsiveness and anxiety was revealed
Research on the Application of ASMR in the Development and Design of Sleeping Product
Wang & Li, 2020
Main aim
Investigating the influence of a pillow with speakers playing ASMR sounds on the quality of sleep
Result
Less participants reported that they were not able to sleep after the intervention (change from 55.6% before to 11% after the intervention), more participants were able to sleep through the night after the intervention (before: 27.8%; after: 88.9%)
Sexuality vs. sensuality: The multimodal construction of affective stance in Chinese ASMR performances
Starr et al., 2020
Main aim
Content analysis of ASMR videos and S-ASMR (sexual ASMR) videos in terms of video characteristics
Result
The content analysis indicates that a distinction should be made between ASMR and S-ASMR (sexual ASMR), with ASMR in general not providing sexual content
Study on the Health Application of the Snow Stepping Sound
Tian et al., 2020
Main aim
Sound analysis of snow stepping sounds and evaluation of its effect on EEG frequency bands
Result
Snow stepping sounds can reach a frequency similar to the frequency of human vocal cords and might thus be able to be processed by human hearing systems more easily; Snow stepping sounds on the one hand lead to an increase of alpha waves and beta waves, on the other hand to a decrease of delta waves and theta waves
The Impact of Different Sounds on Stress Level in the Context of EEG, Cardiac Measures and Subjective Stress Level: A Pilot Study
Paszkiel et al., 2020
Main aim
Determining the influence of various forms of music (including ASMR-triggering music) on stress levels
Result
Compared to the other conditions, ASMR-triggering music and relaxation music are best for EEG associated stress reduction, but not for other stress-related conditions like heart rate reduction, blood pressure or subjective stress level
The Influence of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) on Individual's Executive Function
Wang et al., 2020
Main aim
Evaluating the difference between ASMR-responders and ASMR-non-responders concerning executive function and determining the potential influence of ASMR on this domain
Result
ASMR-responders and ASMR-non-responders do not differ with regard to executive functions, but an ASMR video can reduce set shifting and inhibitory control abilities in ASMR-responders
A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the autonomous sensory meridian response
Smith et al., 2019
Main aim
Determining the neural substrates of ASMR
Result
ASMR videos are associated with activation in brain areas related to attention, sensation and emotion in participants experiencing ASMR
A Preliminary Compilation of a Digital Video Library on Triggering Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR): A Trial Among 807 Chinese College Students
Liu & Zhou, 2019
Main aim
Composing a selection of ASMR videos that effectively trigger ASMR
Result
60 ASMR videos could be determined that reliably trigger ASMR
A Study on the Human Sensation of the Reed Wind Sound in ASMR
Ahn et al., 2019
Main aim
Sound analysis and effect of a particular ASMR trigger on opinions / feeling and physiological measures
ResultBlood pressure and pulse were normalized after listening to specific ASMR sound (reed wind), ASMR sounds were comforting and relaxing
An eye-tracking approach to Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR): The physiology and nature of tingles in relation to the pupil
Valtakari et al., 2019
Main aim
Investigating pupil diameter and gaze fixation when watching ASMR
Result
Significantly greater pupil diameter during ASMR videos compared to control videos when experiencing tingles (regardless of the group), no significant difference with regard to gaze fixation
Atypical Functional Connectivity Associated with Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response: An Examination of Five Resting-State Networks
Smith et al., 2019
Main aim
Analyzing five resting-state networks with regard to ASMR
Result
ASMR-responders showed a reduced functional connectivity in visual and salience networks; atypical patterns of connectivity emerged for ASMR-responders in the central executive, default mode and sensorimotor networks
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response: An Ineffective Long-Term Therapeutic Intervention
Ditchburn & Bedwell, 2019
Main aim
Establishing a one-week RCT comparing ASMR, mindfulness and no intervention with regard to various mental health associated outcomes
Result
Watching ASMR videos did not improve mental health related outcomes more than the mindfulness intervention and the control group
Possible Effect of Binaural Beat Combined With Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response for Inducing Sleep
Lee et al., 2019
Main aim
1) Testing at which decibel ratio a combination of binaural beat and ASMR triggers is most likely to lead to theta power (associated with sleep) and psychological stability,
2) Examining whether a combination of binaural beat and ASMR triggers leads to better results in terms of inducing theta power and psychological stability than only binaural beat or only ASMR or sham
Result
1) In terms of theta power and psychological stability, stimuli with a decibel ratio of 30:60 (Binaural Beat:ASMR) achieved the best results compared to two other db ratios,
2) ASMR only and combined ASMR with binaural beat resulted in some improvements of psychological stability compared to binaural beat only and sham (e.g.: more calmness, more happiness, less anger); Significant changes in theta power after audio stimulation were observed in all conditions except sham, but in different brain regions
Sensory channel effects of autonomous sensory meridian response on short-term memory
Kim et al., 2019
Main aimEvaluating how ASMR affects short term memory and if there is a difference between ASMR videos / ASMR sounds / a combination of both
Result
Compared to the control content, the ASMR content improved the short term memory results significantly, but only for participants who received the ASMR content auditorily
Two Studies of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR): The Relationship between ASMR and Music-Induced Frisson
Kovacevich & Huron, 2019
Main aim
Study 1: Content analysis of ASMR videos compared to two different types of control videos
Study 2: Content analysis of ASMR videos trying to assign Youtube comments to different categories
Result
Study 1: ASMR videos involve more audio roaming, intimacy and oral wetness cues and less syllable-rate, vocal energy and voicing compared to both kinds of control videos
Study 2: The Youtube comments could be assigned to five different categories: Psychology (rater 1: 1375 / rater 2: 1819), etiology (968/690), physiology (260/290), function (174/224) and "otherwise interesting" (229/411)
Lochte et al., 2018
Main aim
Examining neural correlates associated with ASMR
Result
For ASMR-responders significant activity in areas linked to emotional arousal and reward was observed
Autonomous sensory meridian response: Scale development and personality correlates
Roberts et al., 2018
Main aim
Determining the psychometric criteria of the ASMR-15 conducting three different studies, including
1) internal consistency and validity, and
2) convergent and divergent validity by comparing ASMR to other constructs
Result
1) Sufficient internal consistency and validity was uncovered for the ASMR-15,
2) ASMR was not or hardly correlated with anxiety, absorption, misophonia, frisson, alexithymia and flow and can therefore be considered as an independent construct
Expectancy effects in the Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Cash et al., 2018
Main aim
Investigating whether expectation effects are crucial for ASMR experience
Result
Encouraging instructions increased ASMR ratings in naïve participants but not in ASMR enthusiasts
Increased misophonia in self-reported Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Janik McErlean & Banissy, 2018
Main aim
Evaluating the association between ASMR and misophonia by comparing ASMR-responders and ASMR-non-responders
Result
ASMR-responders compared to ASMR-non-responders score higher on misophonia for all included misophonia subscales
Mindfulness and autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR)
Fredborg et al., 2018
Main aim
Examining the extent to which ASMR is associated with Mindfulness
Result
ASMR-responders had significantly higher scores than ASMR-non-responders on both included measures of mindfulness
More than a feeling: Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is characterized by reliable changes in affect and physiology
Poerio et al., 2018
Main aim
Study 1: Finding out whether affect and frequency of tingling sensations differ between ASMR-responders and ASMR-non-responders after watching ASMR videos and non-ASMR videos
Study 2: Determining whether ASMR is associated with changes in affect and physiological measures such as heart rate and skin conductance level
Result
Study 1: Only concerning ASMR videos but not concerning control videos ASMR-responders (compared to ASMR-non-responders) experienced more tingling sensations, more calmness and excitement and less sadness and stress after watching ASMR videos
Study 2: 1) Similar results as study 1 with regard to tingling sensations and affect, 2) For ASMR-responders (but not for ASMR-non-responders), while watching ASMR videos skin conductance level went up, while heart rate went down
A Large-Scale Study of Misophonia
Rouw & Erfanian, 2017
Main aim
Determining the characteristics of misophonics revealing a link to ASMR
Result
49 percent of misophonics report ASMR
An Examination of Personality Traits Associated with Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR)
Fredborg et al., 2017
Main aim
Examining which Big Five personality traits are linked to ASMR
Result
ASMR-responders had higher scores on Neuroticism and Openness-to-Experience and lower scores on Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Extraversion (compared to ASMR-non-responders)
Assessing Individual Variation in Personality and Empathy Traits in Self-Reported Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Janik McErlean & Banissy, 2017
Main aim
Investigating the association between personality traits as well as empathy and ASMR
Result
ASMR-responders score higher on Openness to Experience, lower on Conscientiousness and they show greater scores on several facettes of empathy
Sensory determinants of the autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR): understanding the triggers
Barratt et al., 2017
Main aim
Gaining information on how ASMR triggers must be designed to trigger ASMR
Result
Several preferable trigger characteristics were revealed: a) ASMR content should be unscripted, b) lower-pitched and natural sounds are preferable, c) mouth sounds and background music should be avoided, d) fine visual detail focus might be essential e) one single trigger is enough for triggering ASMR
Smith et al., 2016
Main aim
Analyzing the default mode network of ASMR-responders
Result
Less overall functional connectivity in the default mode network in ASMR-responders compared to ASMR-non-responders; but ASMR-responders showed increased connectivity in the default mode network between areas in frontal, occipital and temporal cortices (compared to ASMR-non-responders)
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Barratt & Davis, 2015
Main aim
Providing a first general quantitative overview on ASMR asking ASMR-responders about their ASMR usage behavior
Result
Main findings include that watching ASMR videos could be related to at least a short-term improvement in mood and chronic pain (for ASMR-responders) and that crisp sounds, personal attention, slow movements, and whispering are common ASMR triggers
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